Pressure Swing Adsorption(PSA)

PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) technology permits producing oxygen by pressurization with low-pressure compressed air of two towers filled with zeolite molecular sieve in cyclic alternation. While one of the towers is in adsorption phase, the other one is regenerated by reducing the pressure.

READ MORE - Pressure Swing Adsorption(PSA)

Business Strategy for Growth

Business strategy depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets.

Result from Ansoff Model

Market penetration

• Maintain or increase the market share of current products – this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling

• Secure dominance of growth markets

• Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors

• Increase usage by existing customers – for example by introducing loyalty schemes
A market penetration marketing strategy is very much about “business as usual”. The business is focusing on markets and products it knows well. It is likely to have good information on competitors and on customer needs. It is unlikely, therefore, that this strategy will require much investment in new market research.

Market development

• New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country

• New product dimensions or packaging: for example

• New distribution channels

• Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments

Product development

This strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets.

Diversification

This is an inherently more risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience.

READ MORE - Business Strategy for Growth

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Talking about Long Term Evolution (LTE) ,it is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

"Long Term Evolution" because it represents the next step (4G) in a progression from GSM, a 2G standard, to UMTS, the 3G technologies based upon GSM. LTE provides significantly increased peak data rates, with the potential for 100 Mbps downstream and 30 Mbps upstream.

LTE support mixed data, voice, video and messaging traffic and use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna technology similar to that used in the IEEE 802.11n wireless local area network (WLAN) standard. The higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver enabled by MIMO, along with OFDM, provides improved coverage and throughput, especially in dense urban areas.

READ MORE - Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Core Network of 3G

The Core Network of 3G is divided in circuit switched and packet switched domains. Some of the circuit switched elements are Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC), Visitor location register (VLR) and Gateway MSC. Packet switched elements are Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, VLR and AUC are shared by both domains.

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is defined for UMTS core transmission. ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 (AAL2) handles circuit switched connection and packet connection protocol AAL5 is designed for data delivery.

The architecture of the Core Network may change when new services and features are introduced. Number Portability DataBase (NPDB) will be used to enable user to change the network while keeping their old phone number. Gateway Location Register (GLR) may be used to optimise the subscriber handling between network boundaries. MSC, VLR and SGSN can merge to become a UMTS MSC.

Dr. Jasleen BDS

READ MORE - Core Network of 3G

Basic & Simple Definition to 3G

For common man 3G means

1. Video Call And
2. Fast Speed to download data.

a. The transfer rate for 3G networks is between 128 and 144 kbps (kilobits per second) for devices that are moving fast and 384 kbps for slow ones(like for pedestrians).

b. For fixed wireless LAN, the speed goes beyond 2 Mbps.

c. The first thing you require is a device (e.g. a mobile phone) that is 3G compatible. This is where the name 3G phone comes from - a phone that has 3G functionality; nothing to do with the number of cameras or the memory it has. An example is the iPhone 3G.

At Last 3G provides

• Several times higher data speed;
• Enhanced audio and video streaming;
• Video-conferencing support;
• Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds;
• IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.

Operators launching 3G by 2010 end :

1. Tata Teleservices Ltd.
2. Vodafone Essar Ltd.
3. Airtel

India's largest mobile service provider, Bharti Airtel has announced that it will Launch its 3G Services in 13 Circles across India by 2010 End. Airtel becoming the third private operator after Tata Teleservices Ltd. and Vodafone Essar Ltd. to announce 3G service plans in the world's fastest growing telecommunications market. In May 2010, Airtel succesfully won the bid for 13 telecom zones for INR122.95 billion ($2.77 billion).

Er. Manpreet Singh Bindra
India

READ MORE - Basic & Simple Definition to 3G

Business Wireless Planning Strategy

Business Wireless Planning Strategy Business Planning New entrants to wireless have the daunting task of attracting marketshare in an increasingly competitive environment. Identifying the coverage footprint that will deliver the target ROI hinges on many variables, such as the underlying demographics, competitor footprint, technology capability and target service offering. Subscriber projections, churn, and average revenue per unit (ARPU) are tied closely to system performance and device capabilities. The Wireless Strategy team has built new markets from the ground up, and can turn the multivariate view of technical, marketing, and competitive data into a coherent financial and operational plan. We understand the business of wireless technology. Spectrum Valuation The value of spectrum depends on both business and technical factors. FCC regulations, interference concerns, and existing and future uses of the spectrum and adjacent blocks all affect its viability for various technologies. The technology's true performance will impact the services that can be offered, which will impact the revenue opportunity. Wireless Strategy understands both sides of the equation and can solve for the true value. Strategic Analysis The wireless sector offers unlimited investment opportunities. But which new wireless technologies will be adopted by operators, and which ones will be left by the wayside? Which new wireless entrants or traditional operators will be capable of growing to the next level of performance and deliver significant returns on investment? Wireless Strategy's partners have years of experience in analyzing new technologies and assessing their value to the wireless operator. Technology Briefings We have years of experience in briefing wireless executives on technical subjects, providing clear, concise summaries of the relevant information affecting their business. Investors benefit from our unbiased assessments of technologies and operator performance. Whether explaining the basics of wireless operations or identifying the impact of a new technology on a business, we are ready to brief executives and investors on the best path forward. Executive Services The wireless industry has seen numerous mergers and turbulence in recent years. Wireless Strategy can provide stability through management change by teaming with the business organizations and delivering continuity and focus on company performance. Our partners are well qualified to fill technology and operations executive positions on a temporary or longer term basis. Karl USA

READ MORE - Business Wireless Planning Strategy